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<h1 id="drill-down-sequence-diagrams-with-picto">Drill-Down Sequence Diagrams with Picto<a class="headerlink" href="#drill-down-sequence-diagrams-with-picto" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>This article demonstrates using <a href="../../Picto">Picto</a> and its <a href="https://plantuml.com">PlantUML</a> integration to generate <a href="#drill-down-sequence-diagrams">drill-down sequence diagrams</a> from models conforming to a minimal EMF-based sequence diagram language.</p>
<h2 id="metamodel">Metamodel<a class="headerlink" href="#metamodel" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Below is the metamodel of our mini sequence-diagram (<code>minisd</code>) DSL (in <a href="../emfatic">Emfatic</a>). In our language, a scenario consists of a number of interactions between participants, and alternative execution paths (<code>Alt</code>).</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-emf"><code>@namespace(uri="minisd", prefix="")
package minisd;

class Scenario extends Block {}

class Participant {
    attr String name;
}

abstract class Step {}

class Block extends Step {
    attr String title;
    val Step[*] steps;
}

class Alt extends Step {
    attr String title;
    val Block[*] blocks;
}

class Interaction extends Step {
    ref Participant from;
    ref Participant to;
    attr String message;
}</code></pre>
<h2 id="customer-atm-model">Customer-ATM Model<a class="headerlink" href="#customer-atm-model" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Below is a <a href="../../flexmi">Flexmi</a> model that conforms to the minisd DSL and captures the interaction between a customer and an ATM.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">&lt;?nsuri minisd?&gt;</span>
<span class="cp">&lt;?render-egx minisd2plantuml.egx?&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;_&gt;</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&lt;participant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&lt;participant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>

<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&lt;scenario</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer-ATM&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Insert card&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Request PIN&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Enter PIN&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&lt;alt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Check PIN&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">&lt;block</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;PIN valid&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Display options&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="nt">&lt;alt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Options&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                    </span><span class="nt">&lt;block</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Cash withdrawal&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Select cash withdrawal&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Ask for amount&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Enter amount&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;alt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Check funds&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                            </span><span class="nt">&lt;block</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Sufficient funds&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                                </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Produce cash&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                            </span><span class="nt">&lt;/block&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                            </span><span class="nt">&lt;block</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Insufficient funds&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                                </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Produce error message&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                            </span><span class="nt">&lt;/block&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;/alt&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                    </span><span class="nt">&lt;/block&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                    </span><span class="nt">&lt;block</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;Balance display&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Select balance display&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Display balance&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                        </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Return card&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                    </span><span class="nt">&lt;/block&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="nt">&lt;/alt&gt;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">&lt;/block&gt;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">&lt;block</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">&quot;PIN invalid&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="nt">&lt;int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">from=</span><span class="s">&quot;ATM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">to=</span><span class="s">&quot;Customer&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">msg=</span><span class="s">&quot;Try again&quot;</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">&lt;/block&gt;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&lt;/alt&gt;</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&lt;/scenario&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/_&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="visualisation-transformation">Visualisation Transformation<a class="headerlink" href="#visualisation-transformation" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>To visualise models that conform to the minisd DSL (such as the Customer-ATM model above) in Picto, we have written a model-to-text transformation in EGL, that transforms such models into a series of PlantUML sequence diagrams.</p>
<p>In particular, the transformation produces one sequence diagram for the entire model, and one sequence diagram for each execution path in it. The <a href="../../egx">EGX</a> orchestration program and the <a href="../../egl">EGL</a> template are shown below.</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">minisd2plantuml.egx</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">minisd2plantuml.egl</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-egx"><code>rule Scenario2PlantUml 
    transform s : Scenario {

    template : "minisd2plantuml.egl"

    parameters : Map {
        "mainBlock" = null,
        "format" = "plantuml",
        "path" = List{s.title},
        "icon" = "sequence"
    }

}

rule Block2PlantUml 
    transform b : Block {

    guard : b.eContainer.isTypeOf(Alt)

    template : "minisd2plantuml.egl"

    parameters : Map {
        "mainBlock" = b,
        "format" = "plantuml",
        "path" = b.closure(p|p.eContainer).invert().including(b).title,
        "icon" = "block"
    }

}

rule Alt2PlantUml 
    transform a : Alt {

    parameters : Map {
        "format" = "text",
        "path" =  a.closure(p|p.eContainer).invert().including(a).title,
        "icon" = "alt"
    }

}</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-egl"><code>@startuml
[%
var excludedBlocks = Sequence{};
if (mainBlock.isDefined()) {
    var ancestors = mainBlock.closure(b|b.eContainer()).select(b|b.isTypeOf(Block)).including(mainBlock);
    for (a in ancestors) {
        if (a.eContainer().isDefined() and a.eContainer().isTypeOf(Alt)) {
            excludedBlocks.addAll(a.eContainer().blocks.excluding(a));
        }
    }
}
%]
[%=Scenario.all.first().toPlantUml()%]
@enduml

[%
operation Scenario toPlantUml() {
    return self.steps.collect(s|s.toPlantUml()).concat("\n");
}

operation Interaction toPlantUml() {
    return self.from.name + "-&gt;" + self.to.name + ": " + self.message + "\n";
}

operation Alt toPlantUml() {
    var plantUml = "";
    var visibleBlocks = self.blocks.excludingAll(excludedBlocks);
    for (b in visibleBlocks) {
        if (loopCount == 1) {
            plantUml += "alt";
            if (mainBlock.isDefined() and mainBlock.eContainer == self) {
                plantUml += " #azure";
            }
        }
        else plantUml += "else ";
        plantUml += " " + b.title;
        plantUml += "\n" + b.toPlantUml();
    }
    if (visibleBlocks.notEmpty()) plantUml += "\nend\n";
    return plantUml;
}

operation Block toPlantUml() {
    if (excludedBlocks.contains(self)) return "";
    return self.steps.collect(s|s.toPlantUml()).concat("");
}
%]</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="drill-down-sequence-diagrams">Drill-Down Sequence Diagrams<a class="headerlink" href="#drill-down-sequence-diagrams" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The result is a set of sequence diagrams that we can navigate to drill down the alternative interaction paths. Notice how selecting an alternative (e.g. <code>Sufficient funds</code>) hides all irrelevant information from the sequence diagram (e.g. <code>Balance display</code>, <code>PIN invalid</code>).</p>
<p><img alt="" src="picto-minisd.gif" /></p>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Source code</p>
<p>The complete source code for this example is in Epsilon's <a href="https://github.com/eclipse/epsilon/tree/main/examples/org.eclipse.epsilon.examples.picto.plantuml.minisd">Git repository</a>.</p>
</div>





                
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